Congo+Political+System


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POLITICS IN THE CONGO

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Democratic Republic of the Congo National Anthem "Debout Congolais"

Government

 **Type:** **Republic**; highly centralized with executive power vested in the president.

 **Independence:** June 30, 1960 (from Belgium).

 **Constitution:** The D.R.C. has had numerous constitutions, constitutional amendments, and transitional constitutions since independence. The currently operative constitution was approved by 84% of voters in a December 2005 referendum and officially promoted February 18, 2006.

 **Branches of Government** >> **H****ead of government:** Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito (since October 10, 2008) >> **C****abinet:** Ministers of State appointed by the president >> **Elections:** The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) >> Last election last held on July 30, 2006 and October 29, 2006. The next election is to be held November 27, 2011. The prime minister is appointed by the president. >> **Election results:** Joseph Kabila was elected president. Joseph Kabila-- 58%, Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo-- 42% >>
 *  **Executive:** President is head of state. Cabinet is appointed by the ruling party in the parliament. Prime minister is elected by the parliament
 * **﻿C****hief of state:** President Joseph Kabila (since January 17, 2001)
 * //**Legislative:**// The 500-member lower house of parliament was elected in July 30, 2006 national elections. Provincial Assemblies elected the Senate in October 29, 2006 elections, and provincial governors in early 2007.
 * //**Judicial:**// Supreme Court (Cour Supreme).

 **Administrative subdivisions:** Eleven provinces including the capital city, **Kinshasa**.

 **Suffrage**: 18 years of age and universal.

Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments (as of 6/24/2010)


 * President || **Joseph KABILA** ||
 * Prime Minister || **Adolphe MUZITO** ||
 * Dep. Prime Min. for Basic Social Needs || **Francois Joseph MOBUTU NZANGA Ngbangawe** ||
 * Dep. Prime Min. for Reconstruction || **Emile Bongeli YEIKOLO Yaato** ||
 * Dep. Prime Min. for Security & Defense || **Mutombo BAKAFWA Nsenda** ||
 * Min. of Budget || **Jean-Baptiste Ntahwa KADERWA Batumike** ||
 * Min. of College & University || **Leonard MASHAKO Mamba** ||
 * Min. of Communications & Media || **Lambert MENDE Omalanga** ||
 * Min. of Culture & Arts || **Jeannette KAVIRA Mapera** ||
 * Min. of Defense & Veterans Affairs || **Charles MWANDO Nsimba** ||
 * Min. of Employment & Social Affairs || **Ferdinand KAMBERE Kalumbi** ||
 * Min. of Energy || **Gilbert Tshiongo TSHIBINKUBULA Wa Tumba** ||
 * Min. of the Environment & Tourism || **Jose ENDUNDU Bononge** ||
 * Min. of Finance || **Matata PONYO Mapon** ||
 * Min. of Foreign Affairs & Intl. Cooperation || **Alexis THAMBWE Mwamba** ||
 * Min. of Gender, Women, & Children's Affairs || **Marie-Ange LUKIANA Mufwankol** ||
 * Min. of Health || **Victor MAKWENGE Kaput** ||
 * Min. of Human Rights || **Upio KAKURA** ||
 * Min. of Hydrocarbons || **Rene ISEKEMANGA Nkela** ||
 * Min. of Industry || **Anicet KUZUNDA Mutangiji** ||
 * Min. of Infrastructure, Public Works, & Reconstruction || **Fridolin KASWESHI Musoka** ||
 * Min. of International & Regional Cooperation || **Raymond Tshibanda NTUNGA Mulongo** ||
 * Min. of Justice || **Luzolo BAMBI Lessa** ||
 * Min. of Lands || **Kisimba NGOY,** //Maj.// ||
 * Min. of Mines || **Martin KABWELULU Labilo** ||
 * Min. of National Economy || **Jean-Marie BULAMBO Kilosho** ||
 * Min. of Oil || **Celestin MBUYU** ||
 * Min. of Parastatals || **Generose LOSHIKU Muya** ||
 * Min. of Planning || **Olivier KAMITATU Etsu** ||
 * Min. of Post, Telephones, & Telecommunications || **Louisa MUNGA Mesozi** ||
 * Min. of Primary & Secondary Education || **Maker MWANGU Famba** ||
 * Min. of Public Service || **Michel BOTORO Bodias** ||
 * Min. of Relations With Parliament || **Richard MUYEJ Mangenz Mans** ||
 * Min. of Rural Development || **Philippe UNDJI Yangya** ||
 * Min. of Scientific Research || **Jean-Pierre BOKOLE Ompoka** ||
 * Min. of Small & Medium-Scale Enterprises || **Claud BASIBUHE Nyamulabu** ||
 * Min. of Social & Humanitarian Affairs ||  ||
 * Min. of State-Owned Enterprises || **Jeannine MABUNDA Lioko** ||
 * Min. of Transportation || **Laure-Marie KAWANDA Kayena** ||
 * Min. of Urban Planning & Housing || **Antipas MBUSA Nyamwisi** ||
 * Min. of Youth & Sports || **Patrick SULUBIKA Matchembera** ||
 * Min. of State for Agriculture || **Norbert BASENGEZI Katitima** ||
 * Min. of State for Interior, Decentralization, & Security || **Celestin MBUYU Kabanga** ||
 * Governor, Central Bank || **Jean-Claude MASANGU Mulongo** ||
 * Ambassador to the US || **Faida Maramuke MITIFU** ||
 * Permanent Representative to the UN, New York || **Atoki Christian ILEKA** ||

**Resources:**

Background Note: Democratic Republic of the Congo. (n.d.).//U.S. Department of State//. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; padding-right: 10px;">Congo, Democratic Republic of the Government Profile 2010. (n.d.). //Index Mundi - Country Facts//. Retrieved December 13, 2010, from http://www.indexmundi.com/de_republic_of_the_congo/government_profile.html

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; padding-right: 10px;">Current Government Officials: Congo, Democratic Republic of the — Infoplease.com. (n.d.).//Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com//. Retrieved December 13, 2010, from http://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html